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CO₂ is a non-flammable, inert gas. When a CO₂ fire extinguisher is discharged, it releases a high-velocity stream of carbon dioxide gas. more
Non-Flammable Nature:
CO₂ (carbon dioxide) is chemically non-flammable. It does not support combustion and does not react with most substances at normal temperatures.
Inert Gas Properties:
Being inert means that CO₂ is stable and does not easily undergo chemical reactions with other substances.
It does not react with the materials in the fire, ensuring that its use does not introduce additional risks or reactions that could exacerbate the situation.
Discharge Mechanism:
CO₂ fire extinguishers are equipped with a high-pressure container filled with liquid carbon dioxide.
When the extinguisher is activated, a valve opens, releasing the pressurized liquid CO₂ into the atmosphere.
Rapid Expansion to Gas:
The liquid CO₂ undergoes a rapid expansion as it is released, transitioning from a liquid to a gas.
This expansion occurs at high velocity, creating a forceful stream of carbon dioxide.
High-Velocity Stream:
The high-velocity stream is directed toward the base of the fire or the area where combustion is occurring.
The force of the stream helps penetrate the fire and reach the source of the flames.
Oxygen Displacement:
As the CO₂ gas is released, it displaces oxygen from the surrounding area.
Being heavier than air, the CO₂ forms a blanket or layer over the fire, reducing the availability of oxygen required for combustion.
Cooling Effect:
The rapid expansion of CO₂ absorbs heat from the fire, contributing to the cooling effect.
By absorbing heat, CO₂ helps lower the temperature of the burning material and the surrounding environment.
Disruption of the Fire Triangle:
The combined effects of oxygen displacement and heat absorption disrupt the fire triangle (fuel, oxygen, and heat).
Without sufficient oxygen and at a lower temperature, the fire is unable to sustain itself, leading to extinguishment.
Applicability to Specific Fire Classes:
CO₂ fire extinguishers are effective for Class B (flammable liquid) and Class C (electrical) fires due to their dual mechanism.
Safety Considerations:
CO₂ is safe for use in areas with sensitive equipment, as it leaves no residue and does not cause damage to electrical or electronic components.
In summary, the discharge of CO₂ from a fire extinguisher leverages its non-flammable and inert properties, creating a high-velocity stream that displaces oxygen and absorbs heat, ultimately suppressing the fire by disrupting the essential elements required for combustion.
