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The suffocation effect of a CO₂ (carbon dioxide) fire extinguisher is based on the principle of displacing or reducing the concentration of oxygen in the immediate vicinity of a fire. Here's how the suffocation effect works in more detail
Oxygen Displacement:
When a CO₂ fire extinguisher is discharged, it releases a high-pressure stream of carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, and it tends to sink and spread across the surface of the fire and surrounding area.
As the carbon dioxide gas disperses, it displaces the oxygen present in the air.
The oxygen displacement is critical because it reduces the oxygen concentration below the level required to sustain combustion.
Oxygen Starvation:
Fire requires oxygen to continue burning. By reducing the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the fire, the CO₂ extinguisher effectively starves the fire of the essential component needed for combustion.
When the oxygen level drops below a critical threshold, the fire is unable to sustain itself, leading to the extinguishment of the flames.
Disruption of the Fire Triangle:
The fire triangle consists of three elements necessary for a fire to exist: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
The suffocation effect of a CO₂ fire extinguisher disrupts the oxygen element of the fire triangle, breaking the chain reaction required for the fire to persist.
Without a sufficient supply of oxygen, the fire is extinguished, providing a rapid and effective means of fire suppression.
It's important to note that while the suffocation effect is a key mechanism in extinguishing fires, CO₂ fire extinguishers also provide a cooling effect, as the rapidly expanding gas absorbs heat from the fire. The combination of suffocation and cooling effects makes CO₂ fire extinguishers suitable for certain types of fires, such as flammable liquid (Class B) and electrical (Class C) fires.
